Cancer vaccines represent an innovative approach in tumor immunology, aiming to activate the immune system to recognize and target cancer cells. These vaccines introduce tumor-associated antigens that stimulate an immune response specifically against cancerous cells. By engaging T cells and other immune components, cancer vaccines help the body identify and destroy tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue. This immunotherapeutic approach is less invasive than traditional cancer treatments, offering potential for fewer side effects. Cancer vaccines are increasingly used alongside therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors, creating a synergistic effect that can significantly enhance patient outcomes. As research advances, cancer vaccines hold promise for treating various malignancies, marking a shift toward more personalized, targeted, and effective cancer therapies.